LR: You need to black up your points with more specific examples - rewrite your sentences with evidence to back up (where this is the case) Level: A- 42/48
From paragraph 2: Similarly,
Krotoski (2012) states that the "web is more than an empowering tool, as
it shows no authority". An example of this would be the Arab Spring which “tipped
the balance of authority” (Krotoski 2012), as citizens challenged the authority
by using social networking sites. In Tunisia, Facebook gave individuals the
power to go against the regime by expressing their views on the way Ben Ali
treated them. As a result, this led to online activist groups and copycat
demonstrations in other countries such as Libya and Egypt. This generated an
unstoppable awareness which was caused by the development of digital media. Significantly,
it can be argued that battling against the authority has made it easier for
citizens, as there is no hierarchy on the web. In relation to the Arab Spring, this
increased democratization in Tunisia as citizens had the freedom to express
their views globally and therefore challenge inequality collectively.
From paragraph 4: Individuals
can now create the news themselves because of the developments in technologies,
such as smartphones. Thus, this establishes the concept of UGC as consumers are
now generating their own content. An example of this would be that the Asian
Tsunami which effected many countries such as, Indian, Thailand and Maldives.
Citizens took footage of the natural disaster in Thailand, which provided
audience with a raw and hard hitting first hand footage. As a result, this led
to a rise in UGC as people across the world was able to access the video
through the social networking site, YouTube.
From paragraph 3: According
to Marxist Millband, the media plays a vital role in spreading the dominant
values of the ruling class, as they have control access over the knowledge the
audience receive. An example of this would be the Mail Online which had an
increase of 150 million monthly users. As the company takes a right wing
perspective on fundamental issues around gender, sexuality, class and race, the
audience are likely to passively accept these ideologies. Thus, this encourages
people to accept that there is an unequal society between bourgeoisie and proletariats.
From paragraph 4: In relation to Katz and Blumler Uses and
Gratification theory, the audience would use the media for diversion, personal relationship,
surveillance or personal identity. Arguably, this could highlight that the
audience are active agencies of a media text. For example, according to The
Guardian 75% of students in Europe admit using Twitter regularly and 42% of
under 20 year old use social media to stay up to date. By people using social
media to interact with others, it gives them the opportunity to divert from
their everyday routine and engage with the content, as society has now entered
a digital age. From Paragraph2: Significantly, this establishes that the audience are more powerful in terms of consumption and production because of the rise of new and digital media. This has giving audiences the opportunity to to manipulate and reject the dominant ideologies produced by the mass media. For instance, according to The Guardian, Saudi Arabia has entered a digital generation which has empowered citizens positively. Social media has allowed Arabians to challenge the authority and to express their views on a certain issue, by using Twitter or Facebook. Significantly, there has been million tweets about "swap jokes, whinging about salaries, government waste and inefficiently - and corruption". Undoubtedly, this highlights that digital media has positively impacted people to challenge the authority, instead of being restricted by agents of social controls.
This article focuses on the editor of the Daily Telegraphy, Tony Gallagher, being fired after four years. Telegraph journalists used Twitter to express their feelings for this shocking decision and some of the staff notes that he was "bagged out of the newsroom at short notice". As a result, assistant editor Chris Evans will be taking over, as the print editor of the Monday to Friday paper. Gallagher's sudden departure was based on the company idea to move the focus away from print and therefore to put greater emphasis on the digital content.
Notably, TMG had been planning to introduce a new five pillar structure which is organised around five new division. This includes: live, lifestyle, digital, print and impact. As a result, Gallagher was not happy with the print division. Moreover, Gallagher departure was based on the business moving "to the next phrase of its digital transformation". This was described as part of a restructuring of Telegraph titles aimed at building its digital media audience and revenue. Murdoch MacLennan, chief executive of Telegraph Media Group states: acknowledging the growing challenge print publications face in the digital media, the Telegraph remains profitable but we face increasingly pressure on the circulation and advertising streams". As a result, "to protect the company's future we need to rapidly embrace and adapt to the new digital world in which out customers live in".
Overall, it can be argued that some newspaper companies are going to be in decline because of the development of digital media. This is because, people can now access the news on their smartphones, instead of relying on buying a newspaper. Notably, this has caused newspaper companies to make online versions of their content which would appeal to people as well.
It can be argued that Britain’s 2012 Olympic ceremony establishes
the modern progressive view of society in the 21st century. Initially, a
contemporary representation of a diverse nuclear family is presented to the
viewers, which could reflect Britain’s value of being a multi-cultural country.
For instance, the house scene positively represents the mixed race household as
a middle class and harmonious family that lives in a suburban-style house. This is
shown by the black male cooking dinner, whilst the rest of the white family
members gather together on the sofa. It can be suggested that this positive
representation highlights a celebration of diversity and therefore the
traditional ideologies of families are no longer relevant in society, as
people’s attitudes and values are changing over the years. Arguably, the portrayal of the black male carrying out domestic task of cooking is highlights countertype for this ethnic group. Thus, this challenges Alvarado’s key racial representation of
black ethnic groups being dangerous, as the black male is positively
represented by being a helpful family man. This specific scene could be a reflection of society challenging
the stereotypes of black individuals, especially males, being socially
dysfunctional. As the director of this ceremony, Danny Bole takes a left-wing
perspective on societal issues; this family scene could mirror the celebration
of multiculturalism and a growth in diverse families.
Moreover, the changes in music throughout the years
highlights the success of British music. For example, British musician Dizzee
Rascal appears and raps his song ‘Bonkers’ which portrays black ethnic minorities
positively and successful. Referring to Frantz Fanon black stereotypes, it can
be suggested that showing a black British musician stereotypes black minorities
as primitive, who have a ‘natural sense rhythm’ and therefore they are perceived
in being naturally talented in music. Notably, throughout the ceremony there is a
larger proportion of white and black race compared to brown skin individuals (Asians).
Arguably, this could suggest an unfair representation of different ethnic
groups as there is a higher proportion of white and black dancers. However,
during the ceremony the music changes to Indian songs which highlights that Britain
values different ethnic cultures. Furthermore, the NHS scene positively
represents the staff in caring for their patients and keeping children safe.
However, in relation to his point, some critics have
perceived the ceremony negatively. Daily
Mail’s journalist Rick Dewsbury, stated in his article that the family scene
was unrealistic and the “multicultural equality agenda was so staged, it was painful
to watch”. As Daily Mail takes a right wing perspective on social issues, they
would clearly not be pleased with families becoming diverse as it goes against
the traditional values. Additionally, Dewsbury argues that the NHS should not
be valued and to be celebrated by the British public. This is because, the NHS
staff the cause of Kane Gorny death for refusing to give the sick patient a
glass of water, which shows that they should not be respected at all. The fact
that the Daily Mail take a right wing approach it is more likely that they
would not favour the NHS after all, as it causes a dependency culture in
society. As a result, the NHS should be abolished as it would force people
become independent and make people working hard to earn.
Nevertheless, Guardian journalist Ellie Mae O’Hagan
challenged Daily Mail’s ideologies by expressing her views on this newspaper. She
argues that the Daily Mail’s articles are offensive and unacceptable, which
should be changed immediately. Notably, Ellie describers the Daily Mail as a “amoral
cash cow” that knows it readers very well and therefore they make money by producing
controversial articles. As a result, diversity should be celebrated and therefore people should be taking a liberal perspective of different ethnic groups interacting with one another.
This article focuses on the issue of Facebook losing a large amount of users by 2017, according to researchers at Princeton University. Although Facebook has beat other social networking sites such as Bebo and Myspace, researchers have argued it will lose 80% of its users within three years.
Significantly, John Cannarella and Joshua Spechler (from the US university's mechanical and aerospace engineering department) argued that they based their prediction on the amount of time Facebook is typed in Google search box. Based on this, they identified that Facebook searches decreased in December 2012 and is still occurring. In this article it is stated that, "ideas, like diseases, have been shown to spread infectiously between people before eventually dying out, and have been successfully described with epidemiological models". This could imply that the researchers are comparing social media as a "disease", which may highlight the idea of new social networking sites emerging and therefore old social sites would not be as popular among the young generation. Moreover, Facebook had nearly 1.2 billion monthly active users in October which was caused by updates. Although traffic numbers were decreasing, many people were accessing the social networking site through their smart phones which could suggest that Facebook is still popular among people. According to statistics, 870 million people are using Facebook through their smartphones each month would could explain the decrease in Google searches. This is because, people who have the app on their phones are no longer typing the name 'Facebook' into Google and therefore it makes it seem as if Facebook is becoming unpopular. Additionally, Facebook's chief financial officer David Ebersman states: "We did see a decrease in daily users, specifically among younger teens". Overall, it can be argued that Facebook is becoming unpopular among the people because of the development of new social networking sites. For instance, Instagram is extremely popular alongside with Twitter or Snap chat. As a result, some people could hardly use Facebook if they are more interested and engaged with other social networking site.
This article focuses on the Mirror Group Digital, The Independent and Standard gaining month-to-month users in December. However, all three of the newspapers have faced with some decline in users over Christmas compared to in November. The Mirror has 2 million daily unique browsers for the first time in December, rising 8.61% each month to 2,023,770 (according to the Audit Bureau of Circulation figures).
Significantly, the Mirror Group Digital reported 33,935 readers of the Monday-Friday versions of its free e-edition, which can be accessed on tablets and there were 5,048 people who had paid £3.99 for the weekend digital edition. This contrasts to the Independent online which had 5.45% rise in daily browsers to 1,355,770 and 7.94% growth in monthly browsers to 29,894,151.
Furthermore, the largest fall among ABC digital figures in December was Mail Online as their daily browsers dropped 5.7% to 9,810,129, and monthly daily browsers decreased by 4% to 161,320. Notably, in December the MediaGuardian section on The Guardian website was down 1.96% month to month, which led to 4,595,213, average daily browsers.
Overall, it is made evident that some online newspaper versions are popular than others over the months. For example, the Mail Online has 9,810,129 daily average browsers compared to The Guardian with 4,595,213 and the Telegraph with 2,951,609. Notably, this shows that the Mail Online is very popular with the audience because of the different stories and features available on the website, which would likely appeal to people more.
Initially, the trailer starts with a parallel music which provides the audience a harmonious setting of the citizens carrying on with their daily routine jobs. Significantly, the voice over of the black male protagonist is effective in highlighting that the narrative of the film is going to focus on his brutal journey. He is represented as a wealthy man, by his smart clothing which is similar to his white middle class friends. However, as the trailer progresses, the music drastically changes which establishes the turning point of the protagonist life, thus highlighting the disequilibrium (Todorov Narrative Theory). Significantly, the variety of the montage of the male protagonists being chained in a isolated room, undoubtedly makes the audience sympathise with the character. This is because, he is unaware of the fact that he has been taken away and the dim lighting further makes the audience pity him. Thus, the audience would acknowledge that the black people are made a slave to the upper class and therefore they are all treated in a inhuman way.
In relation to Alvardo's racial representations, the protagonist is portrayed to be pitied by the audience, based on the way he is treated by the middle class white men. An example of this is through the medium shot of the white male slapping the protagonist, thus encouraging the audience to feel contempt for the upper class. As a result, the audience would pity the protagonist as he is has to obey the rules he has given. Moreover, there is clear class division between the white (upper class) and black (working class) ethnic groups. This is establishes when the chief states that they are "his property", thus conveying that the black people are submissive to the white, inferior group.
DJango Unchained
The trailer begins with a group of black men being chained up together in a line to a horse, which immediately makes the audience sympathise towards them. The fact that they are controlled by white men, establishes the class division between the white and black ethnic group during this time period. Thus, this links to Alvardo's racial representation as the black people are represented as being inferior to other ethnic groups based on their race. Undoubtedly, this would make the audience pity the black males as they are treated in a cruel manner by their freedom being taken away. Moreover, the film fits in the genre western through the iconography of the characters being dresses as cowboys, using guns, and the setting. As the trailer progresses, the parallel music creates a light-hearted atmosphere for the audience, when the protagonist and his white friend work together. As a result, in terms of Alvardo's typification the protagonist is represented as being humorous but also dangerous. This is because, towards the end of the trailer he speaks in a artistic way towards the white character and the fact that he shoots some people, portrays him as being a threat. One the other hand, Alvardo's racial representation is highlighted again through the black female character. For instance, she is represented as being exotic by her tight-fitted revealing clothing whilst she lays on the sofa. It could be suggested that she also fits into Mulvey's male gaze theory, as she is portrayed to be sexually appealing in order to be gazed at by the male audience.
By comparing both of the trailers, it can be argued that the black male protagonist are represented differently. For instance, in '12 Years A Slave' the male character is portrayed in being helpless and inferior to the white middle class men, based on the way he is been treated in a inhumane way. As a result, the audience would undoubtedly feel sympathy for black ethnic groups as they are now part of the slave trade. Whereas, in DJango Unchained the protagonist is not held as a captured throughout the trailer as he works alongside with his friend. Notably, there are elements of humour included in the narrative and therefore the audience would not entirely pity the character. However, at beginning of the trailer of the black ethnic group are tied together by chains, which links to the time period of the slave trade. Significantly, this is shown in both of the trailer which highlights the class division between both social groups.
Examples(Referring to Alvardo's four racial types of representations for members of the black community & Fanon 'Black Skin, White Mask' theory)
Broadcast - Perfume Advert (Exotic)
This perfume advert focuses on the British supermodel Naomi Campbell who is dominantly represented to look seductive and glamorous. It can be argued that advert is a good example to link with Alvardo's portrayal of ethnic minorities being shown as exotic. This is because, Campbell's short dress with a deep neck represents the model as a object which men may desire to have. Similarly, the use of direct contact is effective in luring the audience in and therefore making them watch the advert throughout. This would also fit into Mulvey's male gaze theory, as even though she is represented in looking glamorous she is also stereotypically portrayed as a sexual object. As a result, Campbell is presented to be gazed at by the heterosexual male audience, thus resulting to a sexual objectification through a illusionistic narrative.
Print News Article: (Dangerous)
The Daily Express newspaper front cover focuses on the 2011 London riots. The headline 'Flaming Morons' followed by 'Thugs and Thieves Terrorise Britain's Streets' sends a clear message to the readers that most citizens during the time was blaming the young youth for this chaos. Significantly, the newspaper represents the mixed race delinquent as being a criminal and a threat to society by the drastic headline and the dramatic background scenery. Thus relating to Alvardo's racial representation of black's being dangerous and associated with crimes.
Film - Rush Hour 3 (Humorous)
This humorous scene is from the film Rush Hour 2, which focuses on James Carter (Chris Tucker) being attacked by karate kids. He bravely tries to beat a karate kid whom is ft tall, but ironically fails to which undoubtedly makes the audience laugh at the character. Once the master enters, the on-going conversation between both oft the characters would make the audience laugh based on the questions Carter is asking. This portrayal of Tucker's character presents him as a comedic figure for the audience to laugh at his foolish behaviour. Thus, referring to Alvardo's theory this humorous character takes away the threat from the white ethnic group.
Film Trailer- Precious (Pity)
This movie focuses on the journey of a 16 year old teenage girl named Precious, who lives with her abusive and unemployed mother. The protagonist wants to accomplish her dream to become a singer and hopes to lead a new life with her son. Undoubtedly, the audience would pity the protagonist by watching her mother constantly putting her down and beating her up. The fact that the female character is pregnant as well, makes the audience sympathise with the protagonist further as she has her own mother is not supporting her. Notably, Precious is gains support by talking to her social worker Mrs Weiss (Mariah Carey) which links to Alvardo's concept of black characters being looked after by the white power. Print (Black Skin White Mask)
This magazine cover of Michael Jackson highlights Fanon's theory of a 'Black Skin, White Mask' as he singer became obsessed with plastic surgery, which caused him to change his entire appearance. According to Fanon, the universal criteria for beauty tends to be white in many countries and therefore many black people would change their appearance to fit this white ideology. Michael Jackson drastically changed his body features and skin colour, which made him look nothing like a black male. As a result, he created a 'white mask' to fit in with mainstream ideologies.
Examples which challenge these representations:
1. BBC News Article - Young Black men fight to get work in bath
This BBC article focuses on two young black youths, Chinu and Freddie trying to find jobs after they left college. The video they produced highlights their struggle to find a job and significantly, 56% of black men under 24 are still without a job. This is a example of a countertype for black youths which goes against Alvarado's racial representation of black people being dangerous. This is because, the positive representation conveys that not all black youths are dangerous, instead some are determined to become successful and have a stable job.
2. Film - Battleship (starring Rihanna)
This clip is from the science fiction film 'Battleship' which focuses on Rihanna (Cora Raikes) and John Paul Fires, launching on the alien ship. It can be suggested that this masculine representation of Rihannna's character, challenges Alvardo's racial representation of black women being portrayed as being exotic. This is because, she is not stereotypically portrayed as being feminine or a sexual object to be gazed at by the male audience. Notably, her clothing is significant in reinforcing the idea that the female character is alternatively represented, which would be effective on the female audience in highlighting that women are capable of taking on male traits.
3. BBC One show: Miranda
This clip is from the BBC One comedy programme Miranda, which focuses on the character trying to cancel her gym membership. This example of a comedic scene could challenge Alvardo's racial representation of black males being represented in a humorous way, which takes away the threat from white individuals. This is because, Miranda Hart is a white female comedians which highlights that it is not only black males who are predominately comedians or portrayed in a humorous way.
The first country which the Arab Spring occurred in December 2010
"The internet revolution has tipped the balance of power"
The incident started with a citizen called Mohammed who was treated harshly by the Tunisia police force. He was stamped and spitted on. Thus, Mohammed made a complain to the Town Hall, however the government Ben Ali did listen to him. As a result, Mohammed burnt himself alive infront of the Town Hall which began a conflict amongst the Tunisia citizens against the regime.
Ben Ali was a dictator as he did not listen to his citizens, thus society was a police state which made citizens furious that there was no democracy.
Mobile phones was a toll to show what was happening in Tunisia. This is because, press was censored and therefore citizens would capture footage on their phones to show the outside world that Tunisia has become corrupted.
Activist Slim Amamou stated that "were are not animals so why are we being ignored". He was frustrated that citizens could not speak freely in their own countries.
More than 5 years individuals shared their feelings and messages on to blogs about their hatred towards their dictators.
25% of homes had broadband
90% of individuals had mobile phones. However, if citizens were caught using one they would be tortured by the police force.
2 million Facebook users (25%) which highlights a high lever of penetration.
The footage of protests went viral and was picked up the Tunisia news channel Al Jazeera. As a result, this led to copy cat demonstration in other countries.
The union was on the side of the government but the activists overcome this by jacking the union website and telling people they are going to protest.
Warnings on the routes the policies was taking on the day of the protest was announced on Twitter.
Live mobile streaming was available to make sure people saw what was happening. Thus, this generated an unstoppable force which led to a downfall in hierarchy.
Ben Ali conducted his own public relation campaign revealing that there would be more democracy. However, this was a fail as he promoted it through traditional media which is no longer effective.
On the 14th July Ben Ali fled to Saudi Arabia. He was ruling for 24 years.
On the 15th July there was a fall in the regime - it took 28 days for Tunisia to become more democratic, thus highlighting the impact of new/digital media.
Egypt
Occurred in Kairo
Tunisia opened possibilities out there
Activist write blogs about protesting
Blogs in Egypt was hardly censored - activist found the interest an easy way to communicate.
June 2010 6 months before Mohammed lit himself on fire, Halid Sahid was brutally killed by showing the police the actions online.
Facebook has 5 million users in Egypt
An "omnipotent source was growing"
The government thought that the internet would not be a threat to society
January 25th 2011 the protest began
20% of Egyptians had internet.
The activist sent a viral message through taxi drives for people who did not have access to the internet. As a result, they would pretend to be talking to someone through the phone, thus making it sound like a secret so the taxi driver would pass it on to other people. (word of mouth)
British Vodafone was banned to prevent citizens from contacting one another. However, it caused more people to go on the streets and protest even more which was what the activist wanted.
On the Egyptian State TV president Muhammed promised that there would be more democratic performs.
As a result of the protest, Muhammed used the internet to try help his country. He sent out text messages to them however this did not convince his citizens.
This article focuses on the issue of Dr Dre, Trent Renzor and others launching a new streaming music service. The streaming music service is called Beats Music and the team stated that it would be launched in January, only in the US. Compared to Spotify, this service will not be free as subscribers will have to pay $9.99 a month for unlimited access to more than 20 songs through apps on iOS, Android and Window Phone device. However, there will be 30-day free trial for people to test out this new service.
Furthermore, the team notes that "customers will also get a personalised selection of albums and playlists", which would be delivered four times a day. Notably, retailer shops will also promote the service through gift cards which would be effective inn attracting people. Chief creative officer, Trent Renzor states: "Beats music is based on the belief that all music has value and this concept was instilled in every step of its development. We want it to be just as meaningful for the as artists as it is for fans".
This could suggest that the company want people to find this service useful and for artists aswell.
Overall, I believe that this new service would be useful for people as it gives them something different to test out and to download any song they wish. In relation to new and digital media, this new approach highlights that the development of technology has given people more opportunity to download music and get the latest songs. Thus, this is a contrast to traditional media as people would not of got the opportunity to download music, instead they would have to listen to music through the radio.
This article focuses on the future of the Independent newspaper, as there has been falls in sales. It can be argued that not many people no longer purchase a copy of a newspaper, because of the development of new media. It is stated in the article that The Independent "owner has failed to find a buyer after months of seeking one suggests that its newsprint days are coming to an end. Thus, clearly establishing that print is no longer popular among readers in modern society.
Significantly, the company has lost a lot of revenue over the past years and they down from more than £20m to just below £9. Notably, the Independent's newsstand sale is slightly over 43,000 and the the Independent on Sunday has 47,000 newsstand sale. As a result, both newspaper titles are in danger of calling themselves national newspapers. This is because, they are constantly losing circulation on a weekly basis which puts the newspapers in great danger. Furthermore, it can be suggested that the Independent will have a long-suffering editorial staff in the future. The online version of 'i' newspaper is very popular among their audience with attracting 300,000 buyers a day and therefore the company's is rapidly growing.
Overall, it can be argued that the print version of the Independent would fall out of business in the future, as the company is already using a lot of revenue now. In relation to new and digital media, online version of newspapers are more popular and beneficial for the readers. This is because, it more assessable to get hold of due to the news apps, some are free of charge and they get instant updates, which highlights that print is dying.
Post-colonialism highlights the importance of cultural, economic, political and military dominance of the past.
The absence of non-white images in the mass media establishes the dominance of the white culture.
Non-white identity groups have changed over the times.
Black and Asian people are often represented in negative roles, such as the villain or the helper.
Representation in soap operas, reply on myths that relate to the colonial past, such as the Asian shopkeeper.
Orientalism
Edward Said (1995) founder of this concept.
This perspective implies the East and Orient (China, Japan) are representations of both fear and fascination.
Diaspora
This identity is the result of forced or voluntary migration.
People experience a sense of belonging culture which is other to the dominate culture of the country of residence.
Post-colonialist theorists
Alvardo (1987)
He suggested that there are four types of representation for the members of the black community. According to Alvardo, the ethnic minority groups are represented as the 'other'. The four key themes in racial representation are: exotic, dangerous, humorous and the pitted.
Exotic (or sexually promiscuous): This refers to women being represented as sexual objects which fits in to Mulvey's male gaze theory as well. It is assumed that the dominate reading of the audience would be from a white, heterosexual, male point of view, which is refereed as the white-eye (Hall 1990).
Dangerous: Ethnic minority groups such as blacks, are usually stereotypically portrayed as being dangerous in the mass media. Thus, the media represents black youths as socially dysfunctional and a threat to society.
Humorous: This refers to the black males being represented as humorous in films and the fact that there are male comedians, takes away the threat from white individuals.
Pitted: Representation of ethnic groups as deprived or victims of natural disasters or conflicts. This is also shown in some films of working class black youths, being relatively and maternally deprived. As a result, this makes the audience sympathise with the characters. This could also highlight the power relationship between different ethnic minorities.
Frantz Fanon: "Black Skin, White Maks"
His book focuses on tackling the oppression of black people and the inequalities they face in the white world.
He explores what goes through the minds of the blacks and whites under the condition of the dominant white culture.
In the Caribbean, black slaves were allowed to dress up in white mask and mock their masters at carnival time. Fanon acknowledged that 'putting on a white mask' was what the modern people felt they had to do, to fit with the white culture. ( For example, Michael Jackson)
According to Fanon, "White men consider themselves superior to black men. There is another fact: Black men want to prove to white men, at all costs ... for the black man there is only one destiny. And it is white".
Language is another key factor which disadvantages some ethnic groups.
Caribbean blacks have lost their native language and they have to be successful to speak in 'educated' English and French.
According to Fanon, typically black stereotypes can..
Infantilize: 'cate' children of the charity poster of the simple minded.
Primitive: 'exotic/viral', tribal warriors or bare breasted.
Maidens: with a natural sense of rhythm
Decintize: The gangsta or the pimp
Essentialize: undifferentiated mass "they outlook the same to me".
This article focuses on The Guardian newspaper increasing their weekday and Saturday editions to cost 20p more which is similar to the Times newspaper. From the 11th January, the Saturday edition of the Guardian ill increase from £2.30 to £2.50. Likewise, from the 13th January the weekday edition will increase from from £1.40 to £1.60. These changes could suggest that the company wants to make more revenue by increasing their cover prices as some people may be willing to pay more to read the newspaper. Notably, the Guardian newspaper raised their cover price of the weekday and Saturday editions last year January as well. Additionally, The Observer which is published by Guardian News & Media, will still remain £2.70. A spokeswomen for the GNM states: "While price rises are never easy decisions, it will enable us to continue to offer our loyal and engaged audience an improved, quality product, despite the tough market". It could be suggested that by increasing the cover prices it is a message to the readers of the new features in the newspaper and therefore it is better to raise the price. Moreover, from Monday the Times newspaper had also increased their cover price from £1 to £1.20. The editor of the Times, John Witherow notes: "No publisher likes to increase its price, but we believe we have been the best value quality paper for several years now and remain great value for money". The changes of the cover price could still make their readers buy the newspaper as it has been popular amongst middle class individuals. As a result, the subscribers of the Times online get the weekday version for 60p per day. Overall, the changes of the cover prices could prevent some individuals from buying The Guardian as they can access the online version for free. This conveys the importance of new and digital media, as individuals can receive instant news updates through The Guardian app, instead of buying the newspaper. Regardless of this, The Guardian targets the demographic of middle class individuals, who are keen to read about the latest social, economic and political issues around the world. Thus, they may still buy the newspaper even if the cover price has increased. Similarly, the old generation are also likely to purchase a copy of the newspaper due to the developments of new media which makes it hard for them to use smartphones to access the news.
This article focuses the significant increase of people viewing BBC iPlayer on Boxing Day and New Year from their tablets to watch their programmes. According to the head of BBC iPlayer, Dan Taylor, the tablet overtook viewing on computers, which made tablets the most popular way to access their iPlayer from Boxing Day to 30th December. He quoted:"With new gadgets being at the top of the Christmas wishlist, we see a lot of devices accessing BBC Iplayer over the holiday period".As a result,"boxing day saw tablets overtake computer viewing for the first time in iPlayer history". Thus, this highlights the popularity of tablets amongst people and the impact new/digital media has on individuals. This is because, the developments of tablets has made their lives easier to access content anywhere instead or relying on a computer to watch their programmes. Furthermore, there was 2.2m iPlayer requests from tablets compared to 2.1m from computers on Boxing day. Similarly, smartphones rose as well but under 1.6m they remained below tablets and computers. Notably, on New Year's Day BBC iPlayer has a successful hit with nearly 11m programme requests and 2.65m from tablets. Significantly, the Christmas Day edition of Doctor Who was the most popular BBC show on iPlayer, with 1.96 viewing requests. Moreover, there has been a shift in consumers media habits over the past year as tablet usage was less than half that of computer viewing on the iPlayer. Taylor stated: "BBC iPlayer has an important role as complementary platform for BBC broadcast programmes, especially on Boxing Day and New Year's Day, when request on iPlayer really start to peak and you have to catch-up on the must-watch Christmas programmes". As a result, there were 941,000 downloads of the iPlayer mobile and tablets apps over Christmas.
Overall, development over tablets has empowered the audience in giving them the opportunity to watch their programmes whenever they wish to. Thus, this conveys that they no longer have to reply upon scheduled broadcasting time. Notably, this differs from traditional media as individuals no longer have to watch their programmers on the televisions, but can watch it repeat on their tablets.
Initially, the drama highlights the impact new/digital media has on the audience and changes it has made in society. Throughout the drama, there is a constant showing of individuals using smartphones to connect with others, which contrasts to old media. This is because, the development of smart phones has giving individuals easy access to communicate with others, record videos or check on social networking sites for latest updates. The fact that the princess video went viral on YouTube establishes the power of new/digital media as people around the world could access the video easily. As a result, individuals actively engage with the video by posting up comments about the video which highlights the concept of user-generate content. This is a contrast to traditional media as people would not of been able to connect with others globally. According to Pluralists, this exemplifies that the audience are no longer passive consumers of the text, as they have the freedom to post their messages virally instead of being restricted. Thus, giving consumers across the world a diversity of choice and the opportunity to create their own media products.
Furthermore, densensitiation with sexual content has made the audience no longer feel shocked with it. An example of this is when the prime minister had to have intercourse with the pig to save the princess. As a result, the audience took a different approach on this issue by finding it humorous instead of immoral. It can be suggested that pornography is more available online and therefore it is no longer seen as a shock to watch sexual content, making it socially normal.
Moreover, the drama showed that censorship was not easy to control because of the development of new/digital media. For instance, at the beginning the priminister wanted the video to not be shown to the public by putting a D notice on its. However, it was already posted on to YouTube and went viral which could establish that the power of the heirarchy is meaningless on the internet. Notably, it can be argued that social media is more likely to be associated with the younger generation rather than the old. This is made evident when the young boy corrected his mum about the events occurring in society, by checking it on his phone. Significantly, this further reinforces the idea that new/digital media gives individuals update news coverage which would not of been available with traditional media.
It can be argued that this drama is highlighting to the audience that the development of new/digital media has empowered individuals. This is shown by the use of Twitter, the journalist sending pictures from her smartphone and the heirarchy trying to control censorship. The fact that society satired the government in the drama, could convey that individuals are no longer passive consumers who accept the dominate ideologies of the ruling class.
This article focuses the publisher for both of the The Times and the Sunday Times newspapers reporting a pre tax lose of £24m. According to research, the Time newspaper revenue has decreased as there was a loss year-on-year reduction from the £28.7m in 2012. However, in 2011, the company reported a loss of under £12m.
Notably, The Times company stated that it paid £14m to former director for compensation for loss of office. This include the departure of the of chief executive Tom Mockridge and Times editor James Harding, who has now joined the BBC director of news. In relation to this, the company stated: "Compensation for loss of office has increased due to such payments being made to a greater number of directors in the current year," the company said in its financial filing. This establishes that The Times is losing a lot of company because of colleagues leaving the company. Furthermore, the newspapers stated tat their revenues were down 3.5% each year and from £360.6m to£347.9m and two years ago their revenue was £401.7m. This establishes that The Times newspaper has made an increase in profit and because the newspaper primary is middle class individuals' they are more likely to buy or subscribe to the newspaper, thus increasing their revenue more. Overall, this article is important in establishing that The Times newspaper is facing a difficult time as payouts to departing directors has resulted to £14m. Notably, the company is trying to work around a solution to increase their revenues and News Corp UK and Ireland confirmed that they are going to continue to provide financial support to help make sure that the company meets it liabilities in the future.
This article focuses on the devastating attack which occurred in Woolwich, but this attack could not of gone global without the help of people's smartphones. The criminal Michael Adebolajeo, spoke directly to a citizen smart phone to tell the world why he had killed an solider. As a result, the video went viral on social networking sites such as Facebook and debates on the issue of racism occurred over social media. Notably, after fours hours the video was uploaded onto Facebook, it went live on ITV news, "a news editor from the programme rushed the amateur film-maker into a taxi and raced to the broadcaster's headquarters, 11 miles across London".
Additionally, a resident from that area used his/her phone to captured the attack this amateur footage went viral around the world within seconds of being published on the internet. This highlights the concept of citizen journalism as the individual produce their own content, which led to a rise in user-generate content as individuals globally was able to watch the video on social media. Due to this video being uploaded on Facebook, debates about religion began between Muslims and Christianity. Thus, highlighting the impact new/digital media has on individuals as without smart phones or social media, people around the world would have not see this video and therefore religious debates would not have began.
Furthermore, the BBC and ITV received around 800 complaints from airing this footage as it viewers were distressed by watching it. It can be argued that new/digital media plays a crucial role in peoples' lives as without the development of smart phones and social media this video would not have been transmitted globally. This article is an example of citizen journalism as the individual posted up the video on Facebook which causes a drastic rise in user-generate content, thus empowering people to actively engage with the content by posting messages or Tweeting.
This article focuses on Sir Ray Tindle's newspaper called the 'South London Press' which made a profit of £1.4m last year till the end of March 2013. The Tindle Newspaper, owns other titles including Farnham Herald and South London Press, which had pre-tax profits fall by a third each year from £2.06m to £1.39m in 31 March 2013. Notably, the total revenues of the newspapers fell by under 5% from £35.7m to £34m and the profit dropped 28% from £1.78m to £1.28m. Furthermore, the publisher of Tindle's newspaper stated: "During the year the group has faced continue stress on revenue from pressure on the ad market. The board, however, has been able to offset much of this fall in national revenue by the launch of 20 very local titles in the London area and elsewhere" This establishes that Tindle's newspaper has been losing revenues but some of the newspapers the company owns may still be popular amongst customers. Notably, the newspaper is not making enough revenue there has been a staff cost dropped from £15m to £14.6m.
Overall, Sir Rindle Tindle's newspaper group did face difficulties last year because of an decrease of their profit. However, this did not not prevent company from closing their local newspaper.
This article focuses on how social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter and Youtube, has empowered citizens in Saudia Arabia as they are now actively engaging with the content. In the article it is stated that "Saudia Arabia has the world's highest Twitter and Youtube use per capital" which establishes the power of social media on individuals lives, as more people are constantly using the social network sites. Additionally, social media has giving individuals' the opportunity to challenge the authority and express their opinions about a certain issue. For instance, in Saudia Arabia millions tweets about "swap jokes, whinging about salaries, government waste and inefficiently - and corruption". Arguably, this shows the impact new and digital media has on humanity as they have the freedom to explore and actively engage with any debate or issue online.
Furthermore, a citizen from Saudia Arabia named Hamad stated that "Twitter has raised the ceiling our freedom", thus establishing that social media has led to more democracy in society. Similarly, Islamic feminist Hatoon al-Fassi revealed that social media "has created a virtual space that compensates for Saudia Arabian's lack of legal freedom of assembly or association". As a result, this shows that social media has given women the opportunity to fight for more freedom, thus breaking the barrier of inequality. Additionally, columnist Ahmed-al-Najjar stated that "Twitter helps us breath" and has also blurred the boundaries of what is accepted and what is not, thus resulting to debates.
Moreover, social media has impacted citizens to challenge the hierarchy in Saudia Arabia and to change policies. An example of this would be Twitter's attack on King Abduallah and though the social networking sites people have campaigned for female lawyers to be allowed to appear in court and for the morality police to behave less aggressively. Significantly, citizen Hussan stated that it "is not just twitter" which has causes changes but "it's the Arab Spring. But Twitter has been an important factor in encouraging reform in this country".
Overall, it can be argued that new and digital media has impacted individuals positively in some countries such as Saudia Arabia. This is because, social media has giving citizens the opportunity to challenge the dominate ideologies of the government and to live in a democratic society. Significantly, social media has also impacted women lives to campaigne for more equality and therefore Islamic feminists can have create their own group on Facebook and Twittter. This establishes that social networking sites has empowered individuals' to actively engage with the content, instead of being passive and restricted by social controls.
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